Conversation In English.

[Guliya 2002]

Ок

[economist_med]

Just now, Guliya 2002 said:

Ок

Welcome to our topic)

So, you agree with me about the kids?

[eva_j]

[economist_med]

Captain:

A navy captain is alerted by his First Mate that there is a pirate ship coming towards his position. He asks a sailor to get him his red shirt.

The captain was asked, “Why do you need a red shirt?”

The Captain replies, “So that when I bleed, you guys don’t notice and aren’s discouraged.” They fight off the pirates eventually.

The very next day, the Captain is alerted that 50 pirate ships are coming towards their boat. He yells, “Get me my brown pants!”

[nuclear_god]

now...

me have screenplays (role parts) from "Friends" tv-show and tons of scripts of other movies A-Z as well

(first ones are ready, second ones need a bit editing)...

 

so.. dunno what to prepare.. will depend on u.. will bring that which majority will pick up.

 

but me is for "Friends")

 

 

[eva_j]

So interesting, is it perfomance for two participants?

[nuclear_god]

there can be than 2 persons, as u may remember there are 6 actors in that show)

[eva_j]

[eva_j]

В 27.01.2016в10:47, nuclear_god сказал:

so, how is it going, folks?) what ur plans for this weekend?) 

its halfweek and no topics to discuss, no list of us to come)

 

me found some tests to do, could bring it there to solve them.

so, who's turn is to open this week's list?)

Nuclear how do you thing, will  I look like this guys?))))

[Alice~]

On 1/29/2016 at 1:40 PM, nuclear_god said:

by heart?) what u mean "denied"?

Denied because of simplest unplugging of the wifi router or the global internet breakdown)

 

10 hours ago, nuclear_god said:

now...

me have screenplays (role parts) from "Friends" tv-show and tons of scripts of other movies A-Z as well

(first ones are ready, second ones need a bit editing)...

 

so.. dunno what to prepare.. will depend on u.. will bring that which majority will pick up.

 

but me is for "Friends")

What a day, we are going to play scenes, sounds exciting!  Better start with comedy I guess, drama will be too much for newbies.

[eva_j]

8 минут назад, Alice~ сказал:

 

 

What a day, we are going to play scenes, sounds exciting!  Better start with comedy I guess, drama will be too much for newbies.

Alice i guess we are slowly approaching your dream))))

[Oxyd]

 what a nice weather today

[Motobaz]

I am here. But there is no light here ) 

[Alice~]

7 hours ago, eva_j said:

Alice i guess we are slowly approaching your dream))))

Yep!)) Will hopefully wait till the next time.

Due to the electricity problems at TikTalk our C club moved to another place, where even background noises of strangers disappeared at some point ;)
Thank you guys for your participation, besides Fox and Eco for preparing and sending these texts. They were pretty interesting, including words that we use rarely, therefore forget.

So, I'm going to post mentioned words in a few. min.

[Alice~]

1. to humble [смирять] - lower (someone) in dignity or importance.
2. blacksmith [кузнец] - a person who makes and repairs things in iron by hand.
3. vehicle [средство передвижения] - a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land, such as a car, truck, or cart.
4. steering wheel [рулевое колесо] - a wheel that a driver rotates in order to steer a vehicle.
5. distinctive [отличительный] - characteristic of one person or thing, and so serving to distinguish it from others.
6. to spring - move or jump suddenly or rapidly upward or forward.
7. rotary [вращательный] - (of motion) revolving around a center or axis; rotational.
8. itinerary [iˈtin-,īˈtinəˌrerē, маршрут] - a planned route or journey.
9. thief [вор] - a person who steals another person's property, especially by stealth and without using force or violence.
10. rubber tire [резиновая шина]
11. blackmail [шантажировать] - the action, treated as a criminal offense, of demanding money from a person in return for not revealing compromising or injurious information about that person.
12. youth culture [молодежная культура]
13. establishment [установление]
14. advertise [объявлять] - describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance.
15. a handful of [горстка]
16. eliminate [устранить] - completely remove or get rid of (something).
17. the end)

 

P.S. And here is the phrase of the day - "Смейся на английском!" (c) Nuclear

[nuclear_god]

13 часа назад, Alice~ сказал:

And here is the phrase of the day - "Смейся на английском!" (c) Nuclear

its freaking awesome!...to be ME) 

[nuclear_god]

as me promised, from this week posting of "Academic Voc" is started.

abbreviate
shorten
Our genetic information is encoded by the nucleotides thymine, cytosine, guanine, and adenosine, abbreviated as T, C, G, and A, respectively. 
— Slate (Oct 17, 2013)
***
abstract
existing only in the mind
And rather than stating something as an abstract principle, he’d give it flesh and bones and heart by situating it in a story. 
— Washington Post (Feb 14, 2014)
The chosen definition for this word is an adjective meaning. As a noun, "abstract" means "a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument."
***
according
as reported or stated by
Up to 35 percent of food products contain meat glue, including tofu, milk, yogurt and even cereal according to industry accounts. 
— Salon (Feb 14, 2014)
***
acronym
a word formed from the initial letters of several words
OMG The first recorded appearance of this breathless acronym for “Oh, my God!” comes, surprisingly, in a letter to Winston Churchill. 
— New York Times (Jan 21, 2014)
***
address
direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
Obama is due to meet with the leaders of all four nations, and plans toaddress diplomatic, economic and security issues, the White House said. 
— Reuters (Feb 12, 2014)
As a verb, "address" also means "deliver a formal spoken communication to an audience"--this could describe how Obama addresses the leaders as he addresses the issues.
***
affect
have an influence upon
Thousands of properties are without power, schools are closed and trains have been cancelled--how is the stormy weather affecting you? 
— Children's BBC (Feb 13, 2014)
Don't confuse "affect" with "effect"--in most cases, "affect" is used as verb while "effect" is used as a noun. As suggested by the example sentence, stormy weather affects a lot of people and services; it can have physical, emotional, and cognitive effects.
***
alter
cause to change; make different
In Rome, the Canadian postulants gave me a present--a book thataltered my life utterly. 
— BBC (Feb 14, 2014)
***
always
at all times; all the time and on every occasion
“The world is full of giants,” she begins, “they have always been here. We had to learn how to overcome them.” 
— Time (Feb 14, 2014)
***
analogy
drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity
Actually, the word “recipe” points us toward a useful analogy: think of a quantum field theory as a culinary recipe. 
— Scientific American (Jan 13, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

analysis
an investigation of the component parts of a whole
Indeed, Pew’s own analysis of its data makes it clear that Facebook has a golden opportunity in those countries: 
— Time (Feb 13, 2014)
Literary analysis investigates the structure of a text and may also include exploring the underlying motives of characters. As a branch of mathematics, "analysis" involves calculus and limits.
***
analyze
make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of
The babies in the study wore vests equipped with devices that record and analyze the conversations and background noises near the baby over 16 hours. 
— Reuters (Feb 12, 2014)
***
annotate
add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments
Genius, which allows users to annotate music lyrics, has thousands of songs whose explanations are continually updated and improved by its community of members. 
— Forbes (Aug 6, 2013)
***
anticipate
make a prediction about; tell in advance
“Just as they anticipate fashion trends, they now have to anticipatechanges in consumer behavior.” 
— New York Times (Feb 3, 2014)
***
application
the action of putting something into operation
Its application also allows users to search for points of interest such as restaurants and cinemas. 
— BBC (Feb 11, 2014)
The example sentence's use of "application" could also mean "a program that gives a computer instructions" but it would not connect to this definition: "a verbal or written request for assistance or admission."
***
apply
be pertinent or relevant
On Tuesday, Qatari World Cup organizers produced a 50-page document outlining stricter measures that would apply to contractors involved in building work for the tournament. 
— Reuters (Feb 13, 2014)
"Apply" also means 1) ask for something; 2) employ for a particular purpose; 3) ensure observance of laws and rules; and 4) commit oneself to--although the chosen definition is the best fit for the example sentence, these can also apply, since the contractors first had to apply (1) for the job, before they could apply (2) the skills of their workers, while applying (3) the stricter measures, and applying (4) themselves to creating safe work conditions.
***
approach
ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem
So we have two approaches to eating and sex in zoos--both created by people who care deeply about the animals in their care. 
— Time (Feb 13, 2014)
***
appropriate
suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc
“Also unsure of whether #Unapologetic is appropriate for a child’s toy.” 
— New York Times (Feb 11, 2014)
***
approximate
not quite exact or correct
For years, psychologists have known that human infants are born with an " approximate number sense," called ANS, or the ability to estimate amounts without counting. 
— Reuters (Feb 5, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

argue
present reasons to support one's views
I could argue that nerds, being more technical, also have more vision and relevance in a more technical world. 
— Forbes (Feb 10, 2014)
***
argument
an assertion offered as evidence that something is true
An oft-quoted argument for investing in emerging markets is their superior economic growth. 
— Economist (Feb 12, 2014)
"Argument" can also refer to what takes place before the assertion: "a methodical process of logical reasoning" or "a discussion for and against some proposition or proposal." In reference to a literary work, an argument is "a summary of the subject or plot" and in reference to a logical or mathematical expression, it is a variable.
***
arrange
organize thoughts, ideas, or temporal events
The sophistication comes with choosing the right texts and arrangingthem in an effective sequence that motivates and encourages the patient without alienating him. 
— Forbes (Feb 10, 2014)
***
articulate
put into words or an expression
He was deeply committed to the principle of free markets, andarticulated four “Internet freedoms” reminiscent of Richard M. Stallman’s four software freedoms. 
— Forbes (Jan 19, 2014)
***
aspect
a distinct feature or element in a problem
Another aspect to consider is that people who file claims have an incentive to exaggerate their symptoms to receive more compensation for longer. 
— Reuters (Feb 12, 2014)
In referring to people, "aspect" is "a characteristic to be considered" or "the feelings expressed on a face." In grammar, the aspect of a verb is the duration or completion of the action (which should not be confused with the tenses, which also connect to the time of an action, but does not include how the time of the action is viewed).
***
assemble
create by putting components or members together
Sweating in green army fatigues, he praised the plan, noting its imported, prefabricated design that allowed walls to be assembledquickly, like puzzle pieces. 
— New York Times (Feb 11, 2014)
***
assert
to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
Mr. Chermayeff gives dogs their due, depicting one holding a city flag and asserting: “I have thousands of friends and all their owners vote.” 
— New York Times (Feb 6, 2014)
***
assess
estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
Other cars are covered with rubble, making it tough to assess the damage or estimate the cost of repairs, Doran said. 
— Reuters (Feb 13, 2014)
***
associate
make a logical or causal connection
"As a visual icon the ukulele is instantly associated with Hawaii, which is why it's used so frequently in advertising." 
— Seattle Times (Feb 12, 2014)
***
assume
take to be the case or to be true
“I didn’t want to assume she was into me and then for it to go wrong. That would have been very, very embarrassing,” he says. 
— Scientific American (Feb 14, 2014)
***
assumption
a statement that is held to be true
As most people know, even the most objective of these ranking lists are loaded with all kinds of hidden biases, assumptions and subjective decisions. 
— Forbes (Feb 7, 2014)
***
audience
the part of the general public interested in something
They’ll continue to try to find new features that appeal to theiraudiences, which means more instances of tech deja vu in the future. 
— Time (Feb 13, 2014)
***
authentic
conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief
“We wanted to make it look authentic, like your Lego play set was truly coming to life.” 
— New York Times (Feb 9, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

folks, we could try this one 

https://www.facebook.com/secondhomebaku

[nuclear_god]

background
information that is essential to understanding a situation
The background: She and her husband purchased her stepson’s home at foreclosure so that he and his family wouldn’t become homeless. 
— Washington Post (Feb 4, 2014)
Information that is essential to understanding a situation could include "the state of the environment in which a situation exists." Information that is essential to understanding people could include their "social heritage or previous experience and training." Information that is essential to understanding a play could include "scenery hung at the back of a stage."
***
body
a collection of particulars considered as a system
Although these behavioural changes make the drugs useful, a growingbody of evidence suggests that the benefits mainly stop there. 
— Nature (Feb 12, 2014)
The system could be a) an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; b) a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; c) a group of things regarded as a whole. In the example sentence, "body" is used to mean (c) but is also punning on (a). In reference to a literary work, the body is the main part (minus the introduction, conclusion, and additional materials).
***
brainstorm
try to solve a problem by thinking intensely about it
The Vatican announced Tuesday it would host a workshop early in the new year to brainstorm peaceful solutions to the ongoing civil war in Syria. 
— Time (Dec 31, 2013)
***
brief
concise and succinct
Hawking’s popular reputation was created through his best-selling book, A Brief History of Time, and the accompanying video program. 
— Slate (Feb 13, 2014)
The given definition is for the word as an adjective (which the title of Hawking's book puns on since "brief" also means "of short duration or distance"). As a noun, "brief" means "a condensed written summary or abstract" or "a document stating the points of law of a client's case." As a verb, "brief" means "give essential information to someone."

[nuclear_god]

calculate
make a mathematical computation
Unaided human reason is typically very bad at calculating relevant probabilities. 
— Scientific American (Feb 3, 2014)
"Calculate" also means "judge to be probable" or "predict in advance"--all three definitions fit the example sentence, since it is an argument for why IQ tests are used: because humans by themselves cannot correctly compute, judge, and predict a person's capabilities, standardized tests have been created as a tool to support decisions that need to be made about class placements, learning services, etc.
***
caption
brief description accompanying an illustration
The photo generated captions such as: "I had fun once...it was awful." 
— BBC (May 31, 2013)
"Caption" can also be used as a verb; any type of image, including photographs, can be captioned. Usually, the descriptions are brief explanations or humorous observations. But if seen at the bottom of a screen for a show, the captions are either a translation of the dialogue for foreign viewers or a transcription of the dialogue for hearing-impaired viewers.
***
category
a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations
The Playstation 3 title is recognised in categories including action & adventure, artistic achievement, best game and game design. 
— BBC (Feb 12, 2014)
The example sentence describes recognition given by the British Academy Games Awards--this connects "category" to the given definition. But "action and adventure" can also be a category ("a collection of things sharing a common attribute") in a section of a game store.
***
cause
any entity that produces an effect
They see the two-way street, the way in which mental-health struggles can be a partial cause as well as an effect of bullying. 
— Slate (Feb 14, 2014)
"Cause" can also mean "a justification for something existing or happening"--the example sentence does not argue for the cause of bullying; rather, it points out that, in the case of the football player Jonathan Martin, his depression might have caused ("make act in a specific manner") his teammates to bully him, which then caused ("give rise to") more mental health struggles.
***
character
an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction
And House of Cards would be a greater show if it had characters who were people more than game pieces. 
— Time (Feb 12, 2014)
The example sentence uses "character" to connect only to the given definition, but it implies that even imaginary people in a fictional work should show the additional meanings of "character": "a property that defines the individual nature of something" and "attributes that determine one's moral and ethical actions."
***
characteristic
a distinguishing quality
All geometric objects must remain true to their uniquecharacteristics, and each step in the proof must follow the strict rules of logical deduction. 
— New York Times (Jan 27, 2014)
"Characteristic" can be either a noun or adjective ("typical or distinctive"). Although the example sentence focuses on the unique characteristics of geometric objects, the article in which it appears compares the process of proving a geometric theorem to the development of characters and their story lines. This parallel is characteristic of The Simpsons, whose creative team over the years has included members with degrees in math and computer science.

[nuclear_god]

characterize
describe or portray the qualities or peculiarities of
Rosacea is a skin condition characterized by red cheeks, chin, nose or forehead, often with small bumps that resemble pimples. 
— Seattle Times (Jan 29, 2014)
***
chart
a visual display of information
Mr. Bateman said he was told to prepare “whiz bang” charts that detail everything from wind speeds to temperature trends. 
— New York Times (Jan 26, 2014)
The example sentence uses "chart" as a noun, but it could also be a verb: as a meteorologist, Mr. Bateman was asked to chart ("represent by means of a graph") every possible weather pattern at specific times in New York and New Jersey, so that the National Football League could chart ("plan in detail") the first Superbowl held outdoors in a cold winter environment.
***
chronology
a record of events in the order of their occurrence
He uses a timeline stretching all the way round the classroom, running from 1066 to the present day, to reinforce the notion of chronology. 
— BBC (Jul 8, 2013)
***
citation
a short note recognizing a source of information
And what’s more important: tweet-ability or the traditional citationfrom the scientific community? 
— Scientific American (Dec 23, 2013)
***
cite
refer to for illustration or proof
But in fairness to Aesop, no one has ever cited his works as justification for irrational hatred and violence. 
— Salon (Feb 11, 2014)
***
claim
assert or affirm strongly
Mr. Ban added, “We cannot claim to care about mass atrocity crimes and then shrink from what it means to actually prevent them.” 
— New York Times (Feb 14, 2014)
Although "claim" comes from the Latin verb "clamare" which means "to call" it can also be used as a noun in English to mean an assertion that something is true or that something rightfully belongs to you.
***
clarify
make clear and comprehensible
Moreover, because these supernovae are used as cosmic measuring sticks, understanding them better may help clarify the shape of the Universe. 
— Scientific American (Jan 23, 2014)
***
class
people with the same social, economic, or educational status
Metro Post employees, and those who deliver packages on Sunday for Amazon, are part of a new class of postal workers called City Carrier Assistants. 
— BusinessWeek (Feb 13, 2014)
In biology, "class" is a category ranking below a phylum and above an order. This idea of ranking can also be seen when people are classed into groups. The example sentence suggests that, despite being created in an attempt to save the Postal Service, the new class of "City Carrier Assistants" would rank lower than the regular postal carriers, and with their lower ranking comes lower pay and less desirable working hours.

[nuclear_god]

clue
evidence that helps to solve a problem
It may also give us clues to a second antimatter mystery: Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe? 
— Slate (Feb 11, 2014)
***
code
a set of rules or principles or laws
The California Vehicle Code states: "No pedestrian shall start crossing in direction of a flashing or steady "DON'T WALK" or upraised hand symbol." 
— BBC (Feb 11, 2014)
Aside from the secret nature often associated with codes, the noun can also mean "a system of symbols, letters, or words for transmitting messages in brevity." Although the example sentence's use of "code" means "a set of rules" the description of the flashing phrase and upraised hand refers to a larger system of traffic signs that pedestrians and drivers must quickly decode in order to move around safely.
***
coherent
marked by an orderly and consistent relation of parts
Even science fiction, even fantasy has to follow the laws of human nature for the story to be coherent. 
— Salon (Feb 9, 2014)
***
common
shared by two or more parties
Thirty-six states and D.C. have agreed to field test new Common Core standardized exams. 
— Washington Post (Feb 14, 2014)
The adjective "common" might have been intended to connect to the chosen definition (and its similar one of "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole"), as well as to the ones meaning "to be expected; standard" and "frequently encountered" but negative reactions to the Common Core might connect it to other definitions, such as "having no special distinction or quality" or "of low or inferior quality or value."
***
compare
examine and note the similarities or differences of
Many compared the halfpipe to the one used for the 2010 Vancouver Games, which was similarly criticized in the days before the competition. 
— New York Times (Feb 11, 2014)
***
compile
put together out of existing material
The list was compiled using tips from more than 170 music critics, DJs and bloggers. 
— BBC (Jan 7, 2014)
***
complement
something added to embellish or make perfect
“There is a big difference between our collections. We show only Dutch and Flemish paintings, so the Frick’s collection is a perfectcomplement.” 
— New York Times (Feb 13, 2014)
"Complement" can also mean "either of two parts that create a whole"--this definition is suggested by the article in which the example sentence appears, since The Hague had recently loaned art to the Frick, and now the Frick is loaning part of its collection to The Hague. This sense of completion can also be seen in grammar, where "complement" means "a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction."
***
complete
write all the required information onto a form
Children treated with stimulants would be able to complete a worksheet of simple maths problems faster and more accurately than usual, explains Nora Volkow. 
— Nature (Feb 12, 2014)
Similar to "complement" another definition of the verb "complete" connects to wholeness: "bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements." Completing something often simply means finishing it, but what is necessary or required to make something whole is not always a perfect fit.

[nuclear_god]

compose
produce a literary work
How do you feel about the typing indicator—“David is typing”—that appears on your buddy’s screen while you’re composing a message in chat? 
— Slate (Feb 12, 2014)
See "compile" for another definition that makes the two verbs synonymous. "Compose" can also mean "make up plans or basic details for" or "write music."
***
composition
an essay, especially one written as an assignment
Some of the more somber black and white looks resembledcomposition notebooks--elementary, but chic. 
— Time (Feb 13, 2014)
"Composition" also means "the way in which someone or something is put together"--the example sentence suggests this definition since it is comparing the composition of some fashion designs to the black and white notebooks elementary school students use to write essays.
***
conceive
have the idea for
What we now call Obamacare was conceived at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, and birthed in Massachusetts by Mitt Romney, then the governor. 
— New York Times (Dec 31, 2013)
The example sentence puns on the word "conceive" by connecting to the meaning "become pregnant" with the use of the verb "birth"--this is a clue that the writer of the article in which this example sentence appears conceives ("judge or regard; look upon) of Obamacare as an awful system that needs to be fixed in order to realize its goal of universal quality healthcare.
***
concise
expressing much in few words
Twitter is the standard for this concept: hard-coded limits force you to be more concise, more creative. 
— Scientific American (Apr 17, 2013)
***
conclude
reach a final opinion after a discussion or deliberation
But even though the natural gas system is sloppier than the EPA estimates, it's still cleaner than coal, the study concludes. 
— Scientific American (Feb 13, 2014)
***
conclusion
a position or opinion reached after consideration
Yet it strikes a note of almost hilarious caution in its final paragraph: “One conclusion appears clear—extreme conclusions are to be avoided.” 
— Salon (Feb 1, 2014)
"Conclusion" also means 1) the last section of a communication and 2) event whose occurrence ends something--all three definitions fit the example sentence, since it is making fun of the conclusion found in the conclusion (1) of a study that recommends that extreme conclusions (2) to movies should be avoided because media violence causes harm.
***
concrete
capable of being perceived by the senses
“A family office is a concrete symbol that there is no one responsible for your affairs but you,” Mr. Carroll said. 
— New York Times (Feb 14, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

conditions
the context that influences the performance of a process
The chemical composition of two genetically identical plants can vary based on growing conditions, soil content, parasites and many other factors. 
— New York Times (Feb 12, 2014)
The growing conditions mentioned in the example sentence can include "the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation." Although the focus here is on plants, a simpler definition of "conditions" also fits: "the set of circumstances that affect someone's welfare."
***
conduct
direct the course of; manage or control
But executives had been looking for an anthropologist to conductresearch into how people used technology in their homes. 
— New York Times (Feb 15, 2014)
"Conduct" (with the accent on the first syllable) is a noun that means "manner of acting or controlling yourself" or "the way a person behaves towards other people"--these definitions are suggested by the example sentence, since an anthropologist conducting research would be examining the conduct of people.
***
confirm
establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
New figures due out this month are also expected to confirm that the winter of 2013-14 has been the wettest on record. 
— BBC (Feb 13, 2014)
***
consequence
a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
In medieval Europe, starvation was the de facto consequence of a siege. 
— Slate (Feb 5, 2014)
"Consequence" can also mean "the outcome of an event"--although this definition is often seen relative to an individual, it can also apply here. The intended outcome of a siege is the capture of a town or fortress, but since the army surrounds the town, takes their resources, and blocks any new supplies from coming in, the siege actually causes starvation.
***
consider
think about carefully; weigh
You might also want to consider using a reputation-monitoring service like Persona. 
— Time (Feb 15, 2014)
"Consider" also means "judge or regard; look upon" (see the synonymous "conceive")--this definition can be considered (take into account) if you would consider using Persona because you care about how others consider you.
***
consist
have its essential character
Washington’s Virginia plantation, Mount Vernon, consisted of five separate farms on 8,000 acres of prime farmland run by more than 300 slaves. 
— Time (Feb 15, 2014)
***
consistent
the same throughout in structure or composition
No track has a consistent ice surface throughout, he said, because of ever-changing variables including the method of ice application and weather conditions. 
— New York Times (Feb 4, 2014)
The example sentence uses the chosen definition to refer to the ice surface of a luge track, but many of the Olympic athletes are hoping that they're consistent ("reliable") in their performances, that the judges are consistent ("conforming to the same principles") in their scoring, and that their experience is consistent ("in agreement; compatible) with their dreams.

[nuclear_god]

consistently
in a systematic manner
And in some of our neighborhoods, the streets are consistently safe and opportunity consistently flows. 
— New York Times (Feb 10, 2014)
While the repeated use of the adverb "consistently" emphasizes reliability and equality, the focus on safe streets suggests a systematic enforcing of order in some New York City neighborhoods.
***
constant
unvarying in nature
The number of states requiring that an economics course be taken in high school remains constant at 22. 
— Time (Feb 12, 2014)
"Constant" is used as an adjective in the example sentence to refer to the constant ("a quantity that does not vary") of 22. This idea of not changing can also be seen in other definitions of "constant" that can be used to describe actions, conditions, or people: "uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing" and "steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection."
***
constitute
to compose or represent
Who is to say what percentage of a person’s DNA must come from another human to constitute biological parenthood? 
— Forbes (Jan 26, 2014)
***
consult
seek information from
She also did what a coach at any level might do: consult the technical information on the United States Figure Skating Association website. 
— New York Times (Feb 12, 2014)
***
contend
maintain or assert
What has rocked even the jaded chess world this time are signed contracts posted online that each candidate contends proves dirty dealing by the other. 
— New York Times (Feb 8, 2014)
"Contend" also means 1) compete for something; 2) have an argument about something; and 3) make the subject of dispute or litigation. The candidates are contending (1) for the presidency of the World Chess Federation. Each contends that the other is guilty of corruption, and both are using the press to contend (2) with each other. With money, power, and prestige at stake, they might go to court to contend (3) their case.
***
context
discourse that surrounds a language unit
If the youngster knows the word "kitty," and his brain recognizes it quickly enough, then he can figure out what "bench" means by thecontext. 
— Seattle Times (Feb 14, 2014)
Another definition of "context" ("the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation") makes it nearly synonymous with "background" and "conditions" and connects it to a wider scope of understanding.
***
continuum
an extent in which no part is distinct from adjacent parts
We are part of the continuum of life with all species. 
— Salon (Jan 28, 2014)
***
contradict
prove negative; show to be false
Those findings support recent research contradicting the conventional wisdom that trees capture less carbon as they age. 
— New York Times (Jan 20, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

control
a standard against which other conditions can be compared
Vehicles that were offered the stickers saw a 50% reduction in total accidents compared with a control group. 
— Economist (Feb 13, 2014)
The chosen definition is for "control" as a noun, but the word is used as an adjective in the example sentence. In most definitions of "control" (it can also be a verb), the sense of power to direct or determine can be seen, whether it's directed at oneself, others, a machine, knowledge, or the conditions of a scientific experiment.
***
convert
change the nature, purpose, or function of something
In rare cases the liver can literally save your life by converting a toxic molecule to a non-toxic one. 
— Scientific American (Feb 5, 2014)
Except for its use in sports, where converting often means successfully completing a play and scoring, "convert" connects to change and can be applied to things, people, beliefs, or systems.
***
convey
make known; pass on, of information
Of course, tense faces, in close-ups, are one of the chief ways that actors and filmmakers convey emotion, especially in thrillers. 
— New York Times (Feb 12, 2014)
"Convey" also means 1) serve as a means for expressing something; 2) transmit or serve as the medium for transmission; and 3) transfer to another. The actors' faces convey (1) emotion, which are then conveyed (2) through a movie screen, and hopefully, conveyed (3) to the audience.
***
copy
a reproduction of a written record
Scrawled in cinnabar and black ink, the manuscripts, detailing the tantric rituals of Buddhist deities, were copies of 15th-century texts. 
— New York Times (Feb 15, 2014)
Although "copy" is used as a noun in the example sentence, the action of copying every word by hand is implied by both the original manuscript's age and the description of scrawling black ink.
***
correlate
to bear a reciprocal or mutual relation
He lays the blame squarely on weather and bee management practices, which correlate more closely with bee survival rates than does the use of neonics. 
— Forbes (Jan 5, 2014)
***
correspond
be compatible, similar or consistent
Unlike the cookie dough variety, this cookie’s flavor corresponds with its name: it really does taste like a Rice Krispies Treat. 
— Time (Jan 23, 2014)
***
credible
appearing to merit belief or acceptance
With a credible claim to be the oldest living currency in the world, the pound has accompanied Britons through much of their march through history. 
— BBC (Feb 14, 2014)
***
credit
approval
"Managers take credit when they do well with players and they should take the blame when they don't." 
— BBC (Feb 14, 2014)
One definition of "credit" ("have trust in; trust in the truth of") connects it to "credible" (both come from the Latin "credere" which means "to believe"). Another definition of "credit" makes it nearly synonymous with "citation" ("a short note recognizing a source of information"), but "credit" could also be recognition for a completed course of studies, a contribution to a larger work, or an achievement in any activity.
criterion
the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
The judging is based on five criteria, including “element of surprise” and “closet appeal.” 
— New York Times (Jan 29, 2014)
***
critique
a serious examination and judgment of something
In this critique of extremism, Ms. Almutawakel said that for little girls to be covered to this extent is not about religion but control. 
— New York Times (Dec 26, 2013)
"Critique" also means "an essay or article that gives a critical examination"--this definition describes the article in which the example sentence was found, but it doesn't apply to Ms. Almutawakel's critique of extremism, since that was done through photographs of Middle Eastern girls in veils.
***
crucial
of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
But while sleep is crucial for sick and premature babies to grow and recover, it can be difficult in a bright, noisy hospital. 
— BBC (Feb 15, 2014)
***
cumulative
increasing by successive addition
Mr. Levinson recommended that Medicare officials “establish acumulative payment threshold” and closely examine claims filed by any doctor whose total exceeded that amount. 
— New York Times (Jan 25, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

debate
a discussion with reasons for and against some proposal
More broadly, the protests have reignited a debate about whether interventions by the international community are the solution in Bosnia--or part of the problem. 
— Reuters (Feb 15, 2014)
***
deduce
conclude by reasoning
Within moments of meeting Watson, the detective deduces his new acquaintance’s war history, living situation and the state of his family relations. 
— Salon (Feb 9, 2014)
***
defend
argue or speak in justification of
And now this week, Nevada’s attorney general, a Democrat, and its Republican governor, announced that they too, could not defend the state’s gay-marriage ban anymore. 
— Slate (Feb 14, 2014)
***
define
determine the nature of
His writings helped define how diabetes was viewed for decades. 
— BBC (Feb 14, 2014)
"Explain the meaning of a word" would be too simple a definition for the example sentence: the writings might have included a definition, but what the writings defined was not the word, but an entire attitude towards diabetes. "Define" also means "decide upon or fix with certainty"--this fits, since the writings were by a doctor who survived diabetes in the 1920s when it was still mostly seen as a condition leading to death.
***
demand
require as useful, just, or proper
But advocates say cheerleading is a profession that demands specific skills and not everyone can land the job. 
— Time (Feb 14, 2014)
"Demand" also means "request urgently and forcefully"--although this definition does not fit the example sentence, it can be connected to a skill cheerleaders might use to pump up their team and home crowd.
***
demonstrate
show the validity of something, as by example or explanation
Katz said the paper demonstrates that in a culture that eats very poorly, we need fortification to have adequate nutrient intake. 
— Reuters (Feb 6, 2014)
***
depict
give a description of
Biblical history 101 teaches that the texts themselves were often written centuries after the events they depict. 
— Time (Feb 11, 2014)
***
derive
reason by deduction; establish by deduction
Euclid begins with 23 definitions, 5 axioms, and 5 postulates andderives all sorts of theorems from them. 
— Scientific American (Feb 12, 2014)
"Derive" also means "come from"--this definition does not fit the example sentence, but it can be seen in the suggestion that a lot of geometric knowledge derives from Euclid.
***
describe
to give an account or representation of in words
Even though the employment picture has brightened since the depths of the Great Recession, few would describe it as sunny. 
— New York Times (Feb 14, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

detail
an isolated fact considered separately from the whole
In August last year, Russia granted Mr Snowden asylum for one year, after he leaked details of US electronic surveillance programmes. 
— BBC (Feb 16, 2014)
"Detail" can also be used as a verb to mean "provide specifics for"--this sounds like a positive action, but in the case of Snowden, his action illegally detailed secrets that affect national security.
***
detect
discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
In one sequence, RoboCop takes on about 50 bad guys in the dark bydetecting them with heat vision. 
— Time (Feb 12, 2014)
***
determine
establish after a calculation, investigation, or experiment
Careful questioning will help you determine what people really want, which is often different from what they say they want. 
— Time (Feb 14, 2014)
***
develop
make something new, such as a product or a mental creation
One day, we might develop games to treat depression or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 
— New York Times (Feb 16, 2014)
As suggested by the phrase "one day" the verb "develop" usually connects to change, growth, or creation that happens over a period of time. This can apply to the development of living organisms, abstract theories, practical skills, musical pieces, essays, photographs, poor countries, technologies, games, etc.
***
devise
come up with after a mental effort
A big breakthrough came in 1855 when Henry Bessemer devised a process for making steel on an industrial scale much more cheaply. 
— Scientific American (Feb 8, 2014)
***
diction
the manner in which something is expressed in words
One user called "I Eat" wrote to her with the diction of a Muppet: "Would you like talk with cannibal?" he asked. 
— Slate (Mar 8, 2013)
***
differentiate
mark as distinct
Surely there are many games involving candy that are sufficientlydifferentiated from Candy Crush so as to not be deemed infringing. 
— Forbes (Jan 20, 2014)
***
dimension
magnitude or extent
"We understand the shape and the dimensions of the Russia we're dealing with, and it makes it tougher to find that cooperation." 
— Reuters (Feb 12, 2014)
The geographical size of Russia and the word "shape" in the example sentence connect to the chosen definition. But the shape and size of a country are not the only factors that should be taken into consideration when trying to understand it. "Dimensions" is also used here to broadly include any quality that distinguishes Russia--this is meant to be a vague way of saying that Russia is so big and broad that cooperating with it is difficult.

[nuclear_god]

diminish
decrease in size, extent, or range
Zimbardo had designed the experiment to study the power of social roles to diminish the sense of personal identity. 
— Scientific American (Feb 14, 2014)
"Diminish" also means "lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of"--both definitions fit the example sentence because a social role can dictate one's actions, which would diminish the extent to which one can create a separate identity, which diminishes one's authority and can lead to one feeling diminished in dignity or worth.
***
direct
straightforward in manner, behavior, language or action
The military said at the time that any announcement would "be done via clear and direct statements that cannot be doubted or misinterpreted". 
— BBC (Feb 13, 2014)
The military needs to be direct in its statements in order to show that it can direct ("command with authority") soldiers and direct ("intend to move towards a certain goal) Egypt to meet the demands of its people. In a direct ("proceeding without deviation") course of action that included an ultimatum, Field Marshal Sisi moves towards the presidency.
***
discipline
a branch of knowledge
It turns out there is a whole discipline of studying sports fanaticism, and it spills over into elements of psychology, sociology and physiology. 
— Seattle Times (Feb 15, 2014)
In connection to the chosen definition, the example sentence mentions 4 disciplines. But other definitions of "discipline" are also suggested by the mention of "sports fanaticism": 1) training to improve strength or self-control; 2) a system of rules of conduct or method of practice; 3) punish in order to gain control or enforce obedience.
***
discover
determine the existence, presence, or fact of
Dell Curry, who spent most of his 16-year career with the Charlotte Hornets, said he wanted his sons to discover the game for themselves.
— New York Times (Feb 15, 2014)
Another definition of "discover" that fits the example sentence is "get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally." A definition that does not fit here is "make a new finding" since the game of basketball is not new, even though Dell Curry wanted it to be new to his sons.
м
discriminate
recognize or perceive the difference
People rarely discriminate between accidental and deliberate killings. 
— BBC (Jan 19, 2014)
The preposition "between" is a clue that this definition is being used. Another definition of "discriminate" is "treat differently on the basis of sex or race (or other criteria)"--the preposition "against" is the clue to this usage. People who do not discriminate between accidental and deliberate killings might discriminate against all killers.
***
discuss
to consider or examine in speech or writing
Saudis are among the world's biggest users of social media, using it to discuss political, religious and social issues that were once seen as taboo. 
— Reuters (Feb 16, 2014)
***
distinguish
mark as different
American modern dance, in its early years, wanted to be taken seriously, to distinguish itself from supposedly more frivolous traditions. 
— New York Times (Feb 16, 2014)
Compare with "differentiate" and "discriminate"--all have at least one definition that connects to noticing differences, but "differentiate" is also a mathematical term, and both it and "distinguish" have definitions that connect to the identification, development, or evolution of organisms.
***
domain
the content of a particular field of knowledge
Top CS students can also do great things by gaining domain knowledge, such as finance. 
— Forbes (Jan 8, 2014)
The definition would fit the example sentence better if the first three words were deleted. This would also connect it more closely to other definitions of "domain": 1) a particular environment or walk of life; 2) territory over which rule or control is exercised (which could be geographical, academic, or virtual). An unrelated mathematical definition is "the set of values of the variable defining a function."
***
draft
any of the various versions in the development of a work
He wrote his first draft of the script, based on a short story by the Danish-born writer Isak Dinesen, in 1973. 
— New York Times (Feb 12, 2014)
Although the definition includes all versions in a work's development, as the example sentence shows, "draft" is most often used for the first version; this can be seen in other definitions of the word: 1) a preliminary sketch of a design or picture; 2) draw up an outline or sketch for something.
***
draw
make, formulate, or derive in the mind
She has watched the Alpine ski races on television, drawing conclusions about performance and pressure. 
— Washington Post (Feb 16, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

edit
prepare for publication or presentation by revising
Wikipedia relies on a diligent army of roughly 75,000 volunteers each month who edit the articles for a staggeringly large readership. 
— New York Times (Feb 9, 2014)
***
effect
a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
Scientists analysed health improvements from riding the bikes with the potentially harmful effects of physical injury and inhaling traffic fumes. 
— BBC (Feb 13, 2014)
Compare with "consequence"--in the example sentences shown in this list, the two nouns are synonymous. Compare with "affect"--aside from the similar spellings, another reason the two words are often confused is that an effect can be both a result and the power to achieve a result.
***
elements
violent or severe weather
The South West is preparing itself for another battering by theelements with strong winds and rain forecast for Friday night and into the weekend. 
— BBC (Feb 7, 2014)
Generally, an element is "one of the individual parts making up a composite entity" (e.g. the setting in a story, an angle in a triangle, a member in a set). In Chemistry, an element is "a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances." For a living organism, being in one's element is being in "the most favorable environment in which one is happiest, healthiest, or most effective."
***
emphasize
to stress, single out as important
Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly emphasized the importance of showcasing Russia flawlessly to the world during the Olympics. 
— Time (Feb 7, 2014)
***
employ
put into service
Their parents work diligently to help them succeed: cajoling and pleading and threatening and occasionally employing more intrusive techniques copied from mob debt collectors. 
— Slate (Feb 14, 2014)
***
equal
having the same quantity, value, or measure as another
Allen said Virginia's constitutional ban on same-sex marriage violated the right to due process and equal protection of the law under the U.S. Constitution. 
— Reuters (Feb 13, 2014)
***
equivalent
a person or thing equal to another in value or measure
To me, Flappy Bird is the game equivalent of eating hot chiles—the pain makes you sweat and captures your attention. 
— Forbes (Feb 11, 2014)
***
essay
an analytic or interpretive literary composition
The words came organically to Julia Ernst as she hunkered down to write the essay that would accompany most of her college applications. 
— Washington Post (Feb 12, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

essential
absolutely necessary
Besides old age, the sewers, which are essential to the health of the city, are under assault from a nemesis above ground: grease. 
— New York Times (Feb 14, 2014)
***
establish
show the validity of something, as by example or explanation
Would-be saints need a miracle to establish that they are with God. 
— BBC (Feb 14, 2014)
Compare with "demonstrate"--in the example sentences, the verbs are synonymous, but as seen in their Latin roots ("monstrare" means "to show" and "stabilis" means "firm"), "establish" is a stronger action word, especially when used to mean "set up or lay the groundwork for."
***
estimate
an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth
More than 200,000 people are believed to be held in North Korean prison camps, according to independent estimates. 
— Reuters (Feb 15, 2014)
***
evaluate
estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
In 2009, a Supreme Court decision upheld the validity of multiple-choice testing for evaluating firefighters for promotion, prompting a heated nationwide discussion. 
— New York Times (Feb 10, 2014)
***
event
something that happens at a given place and time
The event marked the collaboration of the denim brand and Bionic Yarn, which makes clothing materials from recycled plastic bottles. 
— New York Times (Feb 16, 2014)
***
evidence
means by which an alleged matter is established or disproved
The evidence keeps mounting that mammograms and other tests for cancer—which contribute to the sky-high costs of U.S. health care—do not save lives. 
— Scientific American (Feb 13, 2014)
***
exaggerate
to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth
Second, because other people are lying, people think there is a good chance you are exaggerating even if you are entirely honest. 
— New York Times (Feb 10, 2014)
***
examine
consider in detail in order to discover essential features
In the past fifteen years we have seen an ever-growing stream of psychological and popular science books examining happiness and how people can increase it. 
— Salon (Feb 16, 2014)
***
example
a representative form or pattern
The more outlandish the ideas, the better: the company offers parachuting with fireworks and ninjas as examples that might impress. 
— Time (Feb 11, 2014)
All the example sentences here are meant to serve as models of how the words in this vocabulary list can be used. In this particular example sentence, the word "example" can also mean "something to be imitated." In the classroom, a teacher might ask students to complete an example, which is "a task performed in order to develop skill or understanding of a principle or method."

[nuclear_god]

excerpt
take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy
The phrase people most often associate with Dr. King– excerptedfrom his landmark 1963 speech—is “I have a dream.” 
— Forbes (Jan 20, 2014)
The Latin verb "excerpere" means "to pick out" (which can be broken down to "ex" which means "out" and "carpere" which means "to pluck"). As a noun in English, "excerpt" means "a passage selected from a larger work."
***
exclude
prevent from being included or considered or accepted
If people think that the definition of masculinity somehow excludesthe idea that you could be gay, then really they need to reexamine that definition. 
— Salon (Feb 11, 2014)
***
exercise
a task performed to develop skill or understanding
He announced it during a team-building exercise in which coaches asked players to mention something about themselves that no one else knew. 
— BBC (Feb 11, 2014)
This definition is synonymous with one shown in the notes for "example" but "example" would not fit in this sentence. The use of "exercise" puns on its other definitions of "the activity of exerting muscles to keep fit" and "systematic training by multiple repetitions"--both of which football players could be doing when they are not team-building by sharing secrets about themselves.
***
exhibit
show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill
Birds, in particular, exhibit many remarkable skills once thought to be restricted to humans: Magpies recognize their reflection in a mirror. 
— Scientific American (Feb 10, 2014)
***
explain
make plain and comprehensible
He’s clearly well-informed on the subject of climate science, and he has done quite a lot to popularize and explain the research. 
— Salon (Feb 14, 2014)
Although the chosen definition does not show this, "explain" also means "to offer reasons for; justify"--in a televised debate, Bill Nye would not be explaining the research on climate science so much as explaining his position that climate change is a bad reality.
***
explore
inquire into
Her book, Zoobiquity: The Astonishing Connection Between Animal and Human Health, explores how our physical and emotional health overlaps with that of non-human animals. 
— Time (Feb 13, 2014)
***
expository
serving to expound or set forth
The explanatory and expository sections between scenes—while packed with insight—are often stiff and windy, with lots of academic catchphrases. 
— New York Times (Feb 3, 2013)
***
extract
a passage selected from a larger work
They also came to "a good agreement" with David Mitchell to use the short extract from his book. 
— BBC (Feb 5, 2014)
Compare with "excerpt"--they are synonymous, but the Latin "extrahere" which means "to draw out" suggests that extraction requires more work and time. "Excerpt" as a verb applies only to literary works, but "extract" can apply to teeth, natural resources, profits, confessions, and meaning ("extract" also means "deduce"). In math, to extract is "to calculate the root of a number."

[nuclear_god]

fact
a concept whose truth can be proved
Actual fact: There is no bigger turnoff than an alien bursting out of someone’s stomach. 
— Time (Feb 14, 2014)
***
factor
anything that contributes causally to a result
After that, American officials, athletes and coaches began to examine other factors, like training regimes, altitude training and mental preparation as causes for the underperformance. 
— New York Times (Feb 16, 2014)
The chosen definition of "factor" connects to another definition used only in Math: any of two or more numbers that form a product when multiplied together.
***
feature
a prominent attribute or aspect of something
Whether it’s air gestures, tilt scrolling, or companion watches that let you take secret, creepy photos, Samsung is the indisputable King ofFeatures. 
— Time (Feb 15, 2014)
"Feature" comes from the Latin verb "facere" which means "to make"--this connects to all the noticeable parts of created things, whether they're cameras on phones, articles in newspapers, the main film in a movie theater, or the aspect of a verb (see "aspect" in this list). "Feature" can also refer to "a characteristic part of a person's face."
***
figurative
not literal
The flag also has figurative powers; its fluttering is like a wave to the wayward golfer that beseeches, “This way, over here.” 
— New York Times (Jun 10, 2013)
The figure of speech used by the example sentence is personification, since it describes a flag as if it could talk. The waving could be seen as both literal and figurative, since a flag can actually wave with the wind, but the example sentence makes the waving seem like an intentional action by the flag to get the golfer's attention.
***
figure
a combination of points and lines that form a visible shape
Her date of birth allowed Lipnitskaya to become the youngest figureskater in 78 years to win Olympic gold for Russia. 
— Reuters (Feb 17, 2014)
"Figure" is used as an adjective to describe a type of skating that requires the tracing of specific shapes. But 78 and Lipnitskaya's age are also figures, which were used to figure out ("make a mathematical calculation; understand") the skater's place in Russia's Olympics history. This makes Lipnitskaya a figure ("a well-known or notable person").
***
focus
the concentration of attention or energy on something
Her talent, her focus and her youthful exuberance spurred Russia to win the inaugural Olympic team title in Sochi. 
— Reuters (Feb 17, 2014)
The example sentence tells the reader to focus ("direct one's attention on something") on the personal qualities of Lipnitskaya that helped Russia win Olympic gold. Although the event was a team competition, all the attention has focused ("converge on a central point") on Lipnitskaya.
***
footer
a printed note placed below the text on a printed page
But he said that fraudsters gather a lot of personal information "from Google, social networking sites, from email footers, all sorts of places".
— BBC (Oct 25, 2012)

[nuclear_god]

foreshadow
indicate by signs
“It’s a young dynamic firm. We have lots of opportunities to grow,” signaling that Mr. Canellos’s arrival could foreshadow other changes. 
— New York Times (Feb 12, 2014)
***
form
alternative names for the body of a human being
Depicting the human form in this way expressed Leonardo’s belief that humankind represented a microcosm of the universe. 
— Slate (Feb 17, 2014)
The meaning of "form" can take on so many different forms ("a particular mode in which something is manifested") that a much larger form ("a printed document with spaces in which to write") is needed to form ("establish or impress firmly in the mind") a complete understanding of the word.
***
format
the organization of data according to preset specifications
“Shallow News in Depth” follows a similar format of celebrity interviews, commentary on news and humorous dispatches by reporters on the streets of Bangkok. 
— New York Times (Feb 8, 2014)
Although "format" is used as a noun in the example sentence, its meaning as a verb ("set into a specific appearance for publication") is suggested, since the show is posted onto YouTube.
***
former
belonging to some prior time
They accused Ms. Park of “resurrecting the dictatorship” of her father,former President Park Chung-hee. 
— New York Times (Feb 17, 2014)
"Former" also refers to "the first of two things or persons mentioned"--in the example sentence, of the two Parks mentioned, the former is the daughter and the latter is the father.
***
formulate
put into words or an expression
In November, in an effort to make the process both more transparent and more rigorous, the I.R.S. announced that it would beginformulating new rules. 
— New York Times (Jan 22, 2014)
"Formulate" also means 1) prepare according to instructions or a formula; 2) elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses; 3) come up with after a mental effort--all four definitions fit, because the subject of the verb is a government agency that is trying to develop new, clearer rules that would replace the old, vague ones in order to prevent organizations from wrongfully claiming tax-exempt status.
***
fragment
an incomplete piece
Another technique he favored was to include fragments from other texts in his poems, even other poets’ work, a device he called approximation. 
— New York Times (Jan 27, 2014)
Within this example sentence about "fragment" are two fragments that could be rephrased, moved, or developed to fit more smoothly and grammatically with the rest of the sentence.
***
frame
formulate in a particular style or language
As a lawyer, Justice Ginsburg framed and argued cases that established an entirely new body of constitutional law, one requiring the equal treatment of women. 
— New York Times (Feb 10, 2014)
"Frame" also means 1) make up plans or basic details for; 2) construct by fitting or uniting parts together (both could describe Ginsburg's process of developing the arguments); 3) alternative name for the body of a human being (which could pun on the phrase "new body"); 4) a system of assumptions and standards that sanction behavior and give it meaning (Ginsburg's work set up a new legal frame for the treatment of women).
***
frequently
many times at short intervals
Reduced precipitation means forests that once burned every 100 to 150 years are now burning much more frequently. 
— Washington Post (Feb 14, 2014)

[nuclear_god]

general
of worldwide scope or applicability
But beyond general nutrition, there have been few studies of the content of human breast milk and how it might vary. 
— Seattle Times (Feb 14, 2014)
"General" also means "affecting the entire body" and "somewhat indefinite"--these definitions are suggested by the word "nutrition" which connects to the body and covers a wide range of foods and ways of preparation and eating.
***
genre
a class of art having a characteristic form or technique
So perhaps it’s unsurprising that other than romance, comedy is probably the least developed genre in video games. 
— New York Times (Feb 10, 2014)
***
graph
a visual representation of the relations between quantities
What Transparent Chennai found was that politicians reacted much better to maps than they did to reams of impenetrable data presented as charts or graphs. 
— Forbes (Jan 28, 2014)
***
graphic
written or drawn or engraved
In March 2006, cigarette packaging with graphic health warnings including photos of cancer-riddled lungs and gangrenous limbs was introduced in Australia. 
— Reuters (Feb 13, 2014)
"Graphic" also means "evoking lifelike images within the mind"--despite the photos' intention to warn about disease and death, this definition is a fitting description of the cigarette packaging.
***
header
a line of text indicating what the passage below it is about
Under “Values” it steers students to the Traditional Values Coalition, whose website includes a header that says, “Say NO to Obama. Stop Sharia in America.” 
— Slate (Jan 16, 2014)
***
heading
a line of text indicating what the passage below it is about
One section in the book has the heading, “Why I Do Not Believe In Evolution.” 
— Salon (Jan 24, 2014)
***
highlight
move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent
Several announcements by Mr. Cuomo were also highlighted, including one with footage of the governor showing off a new fishing-themed license plate. 
— New York Times (Feb 14, 2014)
"Highlight" also means "the most interesting or memorable part"--a fishing-themed license plate does not seem to fit the definition, but the author of the article highlights this image to make fun of the efforts by Cuomo to highlight his achievements as the governor of New York.
***
hypothesize
to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
Jackie Mason, in an email, hypothesized that the complicated relationship between Jews and mayonnaise was probably a consequence of Jews feeling “guilty over betraying mustard.” 
— Slate (Dec 27, 2013)

[HHK]

I thought it`s а conversation but it`s look like just you talking to yourself ))

[nuclear_god]

well, maybe 4U it does look like, and I'm happy about that. It's just workday, and all of us are busy at their works. 

we usually talk here at evenings, and we meet every Saturday for talking, discussing news of passed week, passing eng tests and etc. 

 

Like to join us, welcome aboard)

Edited February 2, 2016 by nuclear_god

[nuclear_god]

identify
give the name or characteristics of
“We’ll work together to identify customers and hopefully convince them this is the right platform for their needs.” 
— Washington Post (Feb 11, 2014)
Another definition of "identify" connects it to the similar-looking word "identical": consider to be equal or the same. People often identify with things, ideas, or other people that they think are equal to them. The example sentence comes from a senior vice president at Lockheed Martin who is hoping to identify countries that would identify with the view that drones are necessary.
***
illustrate
clarify by giving an example of
Instead, the receipts were handwritten on small slips of paper,illustrating the arbitrary nature of the party's punishment system. 
— BBC (Jan 17, 2014)
"Illustrate" also means "depict with a visual representation"--both definitions fit, because the handwritten receipt can be seen as a visual representation of a punishment (the receipt is for payment of a fine for violating China's one-child policy). The informal appearance of the receipt is just one example that illustrates how the Communist Party does not punish everyone the same way for the same violation.
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imitate
reproduce someone's behavior or looks
In the final, mocking Allegro, the violinist imitates a kind of teenage cackle through crisp fast notes embellished with grace notes. 
— New York Times (Jan 20, 2014)
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imply
suggest as a logically necessary consequence
In a consumer-oriented economy, where the idea is for people to consume, changing the paradigm to sharing would seem to imply a lot less consumption.  
— Forbes (Feb 6, 2014)
"Imply" also means "express or state indirectly" or "suggest that someone is guilty"--neither of these definitions fits the example sentence since it directly states that a focus on sharing can lead to less consumption, and this would not be a situation that would require a suggestion of guilt.
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inclined
having a preference, disposition, or tendency
During the meeting, Mr. Kerry sometimes seemed inclined to see a glass half full, while the bloggers were worried that it was emptying. 
— New York Times (Feb 15, 2014)
The Latin "clinare" means "to lean"--this is more clearly seen in another definition of "inclined" ("at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position"), but it is also suggested by the chosen definition, since a preference, disposition, or tendency is a lean towards something or someone. In the example sentence, the description of Mr. Kerry's inclination means that he leans towards believing that China is inclining towards greater freedom of the Internet.
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include
have as a part, be made up out of
Her research includes studying various strains of itchy mice that are models for human ailments. 
— New York Times (Feb 17, 2014)
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incorporate
include or contain; have as a component
Stanford’s football team has incorporated yoga into its training program. 
— New York Times (Feb 4, 2014)
The Latin "corpus" means "body" and "incorporare" means "to form into a body"--this is suggested by other definitions of "incorporate": 1) make into a whole or make part of a whole; 2) unite or merge with something already in existence.